The goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is to influence the patterns of emotion and behavior of individuals through goal-oriented and systematic procedures. It is based on the theory that psychological or behavioral issues such as anxiety or depression are triggered through cognitive distortions. Thus, the goal of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for autism is to identify and correct these patterns of distorted thinking and to alleviate the psychological or behavioral patterns that are connected to them.
CBT can be applied in different ways, but all methods share certain basic components. The therapy begins with an assessment, which is aimed at analyzing the deficiencies and distortions within an individual. Next, the therapist studies the connection between these distortions and the thought processes and behaviors of the individual. The third step of the therapy is called cognitive restructuring, which aims at challenging the dysfunctional thought process by implementing more beneficial ways of thinking. The training also involves stress or anxiety management, and self-reflection, to improve insight into thoughts. The principles gained through the therapy are then practiced in everyday situations so that the individual can learn how to apply them usefully.
CBT has been recommended for individuals on the autism spectrum, especially those children who are higher-functioning or are have a diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome. This is because these individuals are more receptive to factual and logical thinking, and are also more likely to be affected by mood disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is usually not suitable for very young children, because their cognitive development hasn't reached the stage where the therapy would be helpful for them.
CBT can be altered and molded to fit the specific necessities and goals of the child receiving the therapy. For example, a therapist may choose to have shorter sessions of therapy, use visual methods for teaching, or may alter the theme of the therapy materials to customize the therapy for a specific child. The therapy is usually performed by a trained therapist, and can be performed one-on-one, or in group sessions. The therapy is known to yield positive changes in social cognition, emotional understanding, and social functioning.
Sources:
[White, Alicia H., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (2003), pp.6-7]
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